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earth and related environmental sciences

Sentinel-3 Multi-Product Demo with GDAL

Comprehensive demonstration of accessing multiple Sentinel-3 product types using GDAL EOPFZARR driver

Eurac Research
ESA EOPF Zarr Logo

πŸš€ Launch in JupyterHub

Run this notebook interactively with all dependencies pre-installed

IntroductionΒΆ

This notebook provides a comprehensive demonstration of accessing and analyzing multiple Sentinel-3 product types using the GDAL EOPFZARR driver. Sentinel-3 is a European Space Agency (ESA) Earth observation satellite mission that provides a wide range of data products for monitoring land, ocean, and atmospheric parameters.

The notebook showcases how to work with five different Sentinel-3 product types:

  • OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument): Optical imagery for land and ocean applications

    • Level-1 EFR: Full resolution top-of-atmosphere radiances (300m)

    • Level-1 ERR: Reduced resolution radiances (1.2km)

    • Level-2 LFR: Land products including vegetation indices

  • SLSTR (Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer): Thermal and visible/near-infrared measurements

    • Level-1 RBT: Radiances and brightness temperatures

    • Level-2 LST: Derived land surface temperature

Using GDAL’s EOPFZARR driver, we can efficiently access these cloud-optimized Zarr datasets directly from remote object storage without downloading entire files. This approach enables scalable analysis of large satellite datasets.

By the end of this notebook, you will understand how to:

  • Discover and explore subdatasets within Sentinel-3 products

  • Access specific measurements and quality flags

  • Visualize multi-spectral and thermal imagery

  • Work with geographic coordinates for geolocation

  • Compare different product types and their characteristics

Product Overview and Subdataset DiscoveryΒΆ

Let’s explore each product’s structure and available subdatasets.

βœ… EOPFZARR driver loaded: EOPF Zarr Wrapper Driver
GDAL version: 3.12.0dev-209c099c56
/home/yadagale/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/projections/__init__.py:63: UserWarning: Unable to import Axes3D. This may be due to multiple versions of Matplotlib being installed (e.g. as a system package and as a pip package). As a result, the 3D projection is not available.
  warnings.warn("Unable to import Axes3D. This may be due to multiple versions of "
Configured 5 Sentinel-3 products for analysis

================================================================================
πŸ“¦ Sentinel-3 OLCI Level-1 EFR (Full Resolution)
================================================================================
Description: TOA Radiances - 21 spectral bands (400-1020nm)
URL: ...9T074358_20250819T092155_0179_110_106_3420_ESA_O_NR_004.zarr

Driver: EOPFZARR
Size: 512 x 512
CRS: EPSG:7030

Subdatasets: 123 total

Sample subdatasets:
   1. /conditions/geometry/latitude
   2. /conditions/geometry/longitude
   3. /conditions/geometry/oaa
   4. /conditions/geometry/oza
   5. /conditions/geometry/saa
   6. /conditions/geometry/sza
   7. /conditions/image/altitude
   8. /conditions/image/detector_index
   9. /conditions/image/frame_offset
  10. /conditions/image/latitude
  11. /conditions/image/longitude
  12. /conditions/instrument/fwhm
  13. /conditions/instrument/lambda0
  14. /conditions/instrument/relative_spectral_covariance
  15. /conditions/instrument/solar_flux
  ... and 108 more

================================================================================
πŸ“¦ Sentinel-3 OLCI Level-1 ERR (Reduced Resolution)
================================================================================
Description: TOA Radiances - Reduced resolution (1.2km)
URL: ...9T153950_20251019T165332_2657_131_353______PS1_O_NR_004.zarr

Driver: EOPFZARR
Size: 512 x 512
CRS: EPSG:7030

Subdatasets: 68 total

Sample subdatasets:
   1. /conditions/geometry/latitude
   2. /conditions/geometry/longitude
   3. /conditions/geometry/oaa
   4. /conditions/geometry/oza
   5. /conditions/geometry/saa
   6. /conditions/geometry/sza
   7. /conditions/image/altitude
   8. /conditions/image/detector_index
   9. /conditions/image/frame_offset
  10. /conditions/image/latitude
  11. /conditions/image/longitude
  12. /conditions/instrument/fwhm
  13. /conditions/instrument/lambda0
  14. /conditions/instrument/relative_spectral_covariance
  15. /conditions/instrument/solar_flux
  ... and 53 more

================================================================================
πŸ“¦ Sentinel-3 OLCI Level-2 LFR (Land Full Resolution)
================================================================================
Description: Land products - OGVI, OTCI, RC681, etc.
URL: ...7T085358_20250818T125249_0179_129_221_2160_PS1_O_NT_003.zarr

Driver: EOPFZARR
Size: 512 x 512
CRS: EPSG:7030

Subdatasets: 123 total

Sample subdatasets:
   1. /conditions/geometry/latitude
   2. /conditions/geometry/longitude
   3. /conditions/geometry/oaa
   4. /conditions/geometry/oza
   5. /conditions/geometry/saa
   6. /conditions/geometry/sza
   7. /conditions/image/altitude
   8. /conditions/image/detector_index
   9. /conditions/image/frame_offset
  10. /conditions/image/latitude
  11. /conditions/image/longitude
  12. /conditions/instrument/fwhm
  13. /conditions/instrument/lambda0
  14. /conditions/instrument/relative_spectral_covariance
  15. /conditions/instrument/solar_flux
  ... and 108 more

================================================================================
πŸ“¦ Sentinel-3 OLCI Level-1 ERR (Reduced Resolution)
================================================================================
Description: TOA Radiances - Reduced resolution (1.2km)
URL: ...9T153950_20251019T165332_2657_131_353______PS1_O_NR_004.zarr

Driver: EOPFZARR
Size: 512 x 512
CRS: EPSG:7030

Subdatasets: 68 total

Sample subdatasets:
   1. /conditions/geometry/latitude
   2. /conditions/geometry/longitude
   3. /conditions/geometry/oaa
   4. /conditions/geometry/oza
   5. /conditions/geometry/saa
   6. /conditions/geometry/sza
   7. /conditions/image/altitude
   8. /conditions/image/detector_index
   9. /conditions/image/frame_offset
  10. /conditions/image/latitude
  11. /conditions/image/longitude
  12. /conditions/instrument/fwhm
  13. /conditions/instrument/lambda0
  14. /conditions/instrument/relative_spectral_covariance
  15. /conditions/instrument/solar_flux
  ... and 53 more

================================================================================
πŸ“¦ Sentinel-3 OLCI Level-2 LFR (Land Full Resolution)
================================================================================
Description: Land products - OGVI, OTCI, RC681, etc.
URL: ...7T085358_20250818T125249_0179_129_221_2160_PS1_O_NT_003.zarr

Driver: EOPFZARR
Size: 512 x 512
CRS: EPSG:7030

Subdatasets: 37 total

Sample subdatasets:
   1. /conditions/geometry/latitude
   2. /conditions/geometry/longitude
   3. /conditions/geometry/oaa
   4. /conditions/geometry/oza
   5. /conditions/geometry/saa
   6. /conditions/geometry/sza
   7. /conditions/image/altitude
   8. /conditions/image/detector_index
   9. /conditions/image/frame_offset
  10. /conditions/image/latitude
  11. /conditions/image/longitude
  12. /conditions/instrument/fwhm
  13. /conditions/instrument/lambda0
  14. /conditions/instrument/relative_spectral_covariance
  15. /conditions/instrument/solar_flux
  ... and 22 more

================================================================================
πŸ“¦ Sentinel-3 SLSTR Level-1 RBT
================================================================================
Description: Radiances and Brightness Temperatures
URL: ...9T064821_20251019T085627_0179_131_348_2700_PS1_O_NR_004.zarr

Driver: EOPFZARR
Size: 512 x 512
CRS: EPSG:7030

Subdatasets: 37 total

Sample subdatasets:
   1. /conditions/geometry/latitude
   2. /conditions/geometry/longitude
   3. /conditions/geometry/oaa
   4. /conditions/geometry/oza
   5. /conditions/geometry/saa
   6. /conditions/geometry/sza
   7. /conditions/image/altitude
   8. /conditions/image/detector_index
   9. /conditions/image/frame_offset
  10. /conditions/image/latitude
  11. /conditions/image/longitude
  12. /conditions/instrument/fwhm
  13. /conditions/instrument/lambda0
  14. /conditions/instrument/relative_spectral_covariance
  15. /conditions/instrument/solar_flux
  ... and 22 more

================================================================================
πŸ“¦ Sentinel-3 SLSTR Level-1 RBT
================================================================================
Description: Radiances and Brightness Temperatures
URL: ...9T064821_20251019T085627_0179_131_348_2700_PS1_O_NR_004.zarr

Driver: EOPFZARR
Size: 512 x 512
CRS: EPSG:7030

Subdatasets: 530 total

Sample subdatasets:
   1. /conditions/geometry_tn/sat_azimuth_tn
   2. /conditions/geometry_tn/sat_path_tn
   3. /conditions/geometry_tn/sat_zenith_tn
   4. /conditions/geometry_tn/solar_azimuth_tn
   5. /conditions/geometry_tn/solar_path_tn
   6. /conditions/geometry_tn/solar_zenith_tn
   7. /conditions/geometry_tn/x
   8. /conditions/geometry_tn/y
   9. /conditions/geometry_to/sat_azimuth_to
  10. /conditions/geometry_to/sat_path_to
  11. /conditions/geometry_to/sat_zenith_to
  12. /conditions/geometry_to/solar_azimuth_to
  13. /conditions/geometry_to/solar_path_to
  14. /conditions/geometry_to/solar_zenith_to
  15. /conditions/instrument/anadir/s1/s1_cal_gain_an
  ... and 515 more

================================================================================
πŸ“¦ Sentinel-3 SLSTR Level-2 LST
================================================================================
Description: Land Surface Temperature
URL: ...4T101146_20251204T122129_0179_133_236_2340_PS1_O_NR_004.zarr

Driver: EOPFZARR
Size: 512 x 512
CRS: EPSG:7030

Subdatasets: 84 total

Sample subdatasets:
   1. /conditions/auxiliary/biome
   2. /conditions/auxiliary/elevation
   3. /conditions/auxiliary/fraction
   4. /conditions/auxiliary/ndvi
   5. /conditions/auxiliary/tcwv
   6. /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/biome
   7. /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/elevation
   8. /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/fraction
   9. /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/ndvi
  10. /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/tcwv
  11. /conditions/geometry/latitude
  12. /conditions/geometry/longitude
  13. /conditions/geometry/sat_azimuth_tn
  14. /conditions/geometry/sat_path_tn
  15. /conditions/geometry/sat_zenith_tn
  ... and 69 more

Driver: EOPFZARR
Size: 512 x 512
CRS: EPSG:7030

Subdatasets: 530 total

Sample subdatasets:
   1. /conditions/geometry_tn/sat_azimuth_tn
   2. /conditions/geometry_tn/sat_path_tn
   3. /conditions/geometry_tn/sat_zenith_tn
   4. /conditions/geometry_tn/solar_azimuth_tn
   5. /conditions/geometry_tn/solar_path_tn
   6. /conditions/geometry_tn/solar_zenith_tn
   7. /conditions/geometry_tn/x
   8. /conditions/geometry_tn/y
   9. /conditions/geometry_to/sat_azimuth_to
  10. /conditions/geometry_to/sat_path_to
  11. /conditions/geometry_to/sat_zenith_to
  12. /conditions/geometry_to/solar_azimuth_to
  13. /conditions/geometry_to/solar_path_to
  14. /conditions/geometry_to/solar_zenith_to
  15. /conditions/instrument/anadir/s1/s1_cal_gain_an
  ... and 515 more

================================================================================
πŸ“¦ Sentinel-3 SLSTR Level-2 LST
================================================================================
Description: Land Surface Temperature
URL: ...4T101146_20251204T122129_0179_133_236_2340_PS1_O_NR_004.zarr

Driver: EOPFZARR
Size: 512 x 512
CRS: EPSG:7030

Subdatasets: 84 total

Sample subdatasets:
   1. /conditions/auxiliary/biome
   2. /conditions/auxiliary/elevation
   3. /conditions/auxiliary/fraction
   4. /conditions/auxiliary/ndvi
   5. /conditions/auxiliary/tcwv
   6. /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/biome
   7. /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/elevation
   8. /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/fraction
   9. /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/ndvi
  10. /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/tcwv
  11. /conditions/geometry/latitude
  12. /conditions/geometry/longitude
  13. /conditions/geometry/sat_azimuth_tn
  14. /conditions/geometry/sat_path_tn
  15. /conditions/geometry/sat_zenith_tn
  ... and 69 more

OLCI Level-1 EFR - Full Resolution RadiancesΒΆ

The OLCI L1 EFR product contains Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) radiances at 300m resolution with 21 spectral bands.

Reading OLCI L1 EFR spectral bands...
  βœ… Oa01 (400nm): (1000, 1000), range [68.84, 103.83]
  βœ… Oa06 (560nm): (1000, 1000), range [42.62, 129.86]
  βœ… Oa08 (665nm): (1000, 1000), range [30.09, 130.64]
  βœ… Oa17 (865nm): (1000, 1000), range [27.74, 103.16]
<Figure size 1400x1200 with 8 Axes>
βœ… OLCI L1 EFR visualization complete!

OLCI Level-1 ERR - Reduced ResolutionΒΆ

The OLCI L1 ERR product provides TOA radiances at reduced resolution (1.2km), covering the same 21 spectral bands as EFR.

Reading OLCI L1 ERR (Reduced Resolution) spectral bands...
  βœ… Oa01 (400nm): (800, 800), range [18.07, 153.01]
  βœ… Oa01 (400nm): (800, 800), range [18.07, 153.01]
  βœ… Oa06 (560nm): (800, 800), range [7.30, 208.61]
  βœ… Oa06 (560nm): (800, 800), range [7.30, 208.61]
  βœ… Oa08 (665nm): (800, 800), range [3.94, 197.30]
  βœ… Oa08 (665nm): (800, 800), range [3.94, 197.30]
  βœ… Oa17 (865nm): (800, 800), range [0.88, 129.69]
  βœ… Oa17 (865nm): (800, 800), range [0.88, 129.69]
<Figure size 1400x1200 with 8 Axes>
βœ… OLCI L1 ERR visualization complete!

OLCI Level-2 LFR - Land ProductsΒΆ

The L2 LFR product contains derived land parameters like vegetation indices.

Discovering OLCI L2 LFR subdatasets...

Available L2 LFR measurements (5):
  /measurements/gifapar
  /measurements/iwv
  /measurements/otci
  /measurements/rc681
  /measurements/rc865
Reading OLCI L2 LFR land products...
  βœ… GIFAPAR: (800, 800), range [0.0000, 1.0000]
  βœ… GIFAPAR: (800, 800), range [0.0000, 1.0000]
  βœ… OTCI: (800, 800), range [0.2303, 6.4744]
  βœ… OTCI: (800, 800), range [0.2303, 6.4744]
  βœ… IWV: (800, 800), range [0.0000, 67.2000]
  βœ… IWV: (800, 800), range [0.0000, 67.2000]
  βœ… RC681: (800, 800), range [0.0000, 0.2907]
  βœ… RC681: (800, 800), range [0.0000, 0.2907]
<Figure size 1400x1000 with 8 Axes>

SLSTR Level-1 RBT - Radiances and Brightness TemperaturesΒΆ

The SLSTR instrument provides thermal and visible/NIR radiances for sea and land surface temperature retrieval.

Discovering SLSTR L1 RBT subdatasets...

Available SLSTR L1 RBT measurements (136):
  /measurements/anadir/elevation
  /measurements/anadir/latitude
  /measurements/anadir/longitude
  /measurements/anadir/s1_radiance_an
  /measurements/anadir/s2_radiance_an
  /measurements/anadir/s3_radiance_an
  /measurements/anadir/s4_radiance_an
  /measurements/anadir/s5_radiance_an
  /measurements/anadir/s6_radiance_an
  /measurements/anadir/x
  /measurements/anadir/y
  /measurements/anadir/orphan/elevation_an
  /measurements/anadir/orphan/latitude_an
  /measurements/anadir/orphan/longitude_an
  /measurements/anadir/orphan/s1_radiance
  /measurements/anadir/orphan/s2_radiance
  /measurements/anadir/orphan/s3_radiance
  /measurements/anadir/orphan/s4_radiance
  /measurements/anadir/orphan/s5_radiance
  /measurements/anadir/orphan/s6_radiance
Reading SLSTR L1 RBT bands...
  βœ… S1 (555nm): (600, 600), range [80.45, 177.95]
  βœ… S2 (659nm): (600, 600), range [62.18, 180.45]
  βœ… S3 (865nm): (600, 600), range [49.04, 143.32]
  βœ… S7 (3.7ΞΌm BT): (600, 600), range [295.65, 312.34]
  βœ… S8 (10.8ΞΌm BT): (600, 600), range [289.93, 313.81]
  βœ… S9 (12ΞΌm BT): (600, 600), range [288.28, 312.14]
<Figure size 1500x800 with 12 Axes>

SLSTR Level-2 LST - Land Surface TemperatureΒΆ

The LST product provides derived land surface temperature.

Discovering SLSTR L2 LST subdatasets...

Available SLSTR L2 LST measurements (10):
  /measurements/latitude
  /measurements/longitude
  /measurements/lst
  /measurements/x
  /measurements/y
  /measurements/orphan/latitude
  /measurements/orphan/longitude
  /measurements/orphan/lst
  /measurements/orphan/x
  /measurements/orphan/y

Available SLSTR L2 LST conditions (52):
  /conditions/auxiliary/biome
  /conditions/auxiliary/elevation
  /conditions/auxiliary/fraction
  /conditions/auxiliary/ndvi
  /conditions/auxiliary/tcwv
  /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/biome
  /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/elevation
  /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/fraction
  /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/ndvi
  /conditions/auxiliary/orphan/tcwv
  /conditions/geometry/latitude
  /conditions/geometry/longitude
  /conditions/geometry/sat_azimuth_tn
  /conditions/geometry/sat_path_tn
  /conditions/geometry/sat_zenith_tn
Reading SLSTR L2 LST products...
  βœ… LST: (600, 600), range [-32767.00, 1604.00]
  βœ… LST Uncertainty: (600, 600), range [105.00, 2258.00]
  βœ… NDVI: (600, 600), range [-2147.00, 8692.00]
  βœ… Biome: (600, 600), range [0.00, 220.00]
<Figure size 1400x1000 with 8 Axes>

Geographic CoordinatesΒΆ

Let’s demonstrate accessing geographic coordinates for proper geolocation.

================================================================================
EOPFZARR GEOLOCATION ARRAYS DEMO - All Sentinel-3 Products
================================================================================

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
πŸ“¦ OLCI_L1_EFR
   Subdataset: measurements/oa01_radiance
   βœ… GEOLOCATION metadata found!
      X_DATASET (Lon): //measurements/longitude
      Y_DATASET (Lat): //measurements/latitude
      PIXEL_STEP: 1
      LINE_STEP: 1
      SRS: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
πŸ“¦ OLCI_L1_ERR
   Subdataset: measurements/oa01_radiance
   βœ… GEOLOCATION metadata found!
      X_DATASET (Lon): //measurements/longitude
      Y_DATASET (Lat): //measurements/latitude
      PIXEL_STEP: 1
      LINE_STEP: 1
      SRS: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
πŸ“¦ OLCI_L2_LFR
   Subdataset: measurements/gifapar
   βœ… GEOLOCATION metadata found!
      X_DATASET (Lon): //measurements/longitude
      Y_DATASET (Lat): //measurements/latitude
      PIXEL_STEP: 1
      LINE_STEP: 1
      SRS: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
πŸ“¦ SLSTR_L1_RBT
   Subdataset: measurements/inadir/s8_bt_in
   βœ… GEOLOCATION metadata found!
      X_DATASET (Lon): //measurements/inadir/longitude
      Y_DATASET (Lat): //measurements/inadir/latitude
      PIXEL_STEP: 1
      LINE_STEP: 1
      SRS: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
πŸ“¦ SLSTR_L2_LST
   Subdataset: measurements/lst
   βœ… GEOLOCATION metadata found!
      X_DATASET (Lon): //measurements/longitude
      Y_DATASET (Lat): //measurements/latitude
      PIXEL_STEP: 1
      LINE_STEP: 1
      SRS: WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)

================================================================================
GEOLOCATION ARRAYS SUMMARY
================================================================================

βœ… 5/5 products have GEOLOCATION arrays

Product              Status       Lon/Lat Arrays
----------------------------------------------------------------------
OLCI_L1_EFR          βœ… Found      longitude / latitude
OLCI_L1_ERR          βœ… Found      longitude / latitude
OLCI_L2_LFR          βœ… Found      longitude / latitude
SLSTR_L1_RBT         βœ… Found      longitude / latitude
SLSTR_L2_LST         βœ… Found      longitude / latitude

================================================================================
GEOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION - All 5 Sentinel-3 Products
================================================================================
OLCI_L1_EFR: Lat [-22.03Β° to -21.06Β°], Lon [21.88Β° to 22.88Β°]
OLCI_L1_ERR: Lat [69.04Β° to 72.41Β°], Lon [-76.05Β° to -66.24Β°]
OLCI_L2_LFR: Lat [51.61Β° to 52.45Β°], Lon [14.01Β° to 15.30Β°]
SLSTR_L1_RBT: Lat [17.86Β° to 20.97Β°], Lon [41.93Β° to 45.23Β°]
SLSTR_L2_LST: Lat [38996381.00Β° to 41989955.00Β°], Lon [-6862632.00Β° to -2885982.00Β°]
<Figure size 1400x2500 with 20 Axes>

Product Comparison SummaryΒΆ


====================================================================================================
SENTINEL-3 PRODUCT SUMMARY
====================================================================================================
Product              Subdatasets     Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OLCI_L1_EFR          123             TOA Radiances - 21 spectral bands (400-1020nm)
OLCI_L1_ERR          68              TOA Radiances - Reduced resolution (1.2km)
OLCI_L2_LFR          37              Land products - OGVI, OTCI, RC681, etc.
SLSTR_L1_RBT         530             Radiances and Brightness Temperatures
SLSTR_L2_LST         84              Land Surface Temperature